Abstract As a result of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, the incorporation of new technologies for face-to-face and distance learning was even more necessary. Technology represents a way to offer cutting-edge education responding to the needs of the current context. The main objective of this investigation, as a case study, is to analyzes the acquisition of learning by students of different courses at the Universidad Iberoamericana Torreón, México in relation to face-to-face and distance education after the health crisis. The research had a quantitative approach with correlational scope. The sampling was probabilistic by conglomerates and was made up of fifth semester students from 15 courses of the university. The results show that after the pandemic, in particularly context, in the face-to-face modality, the students perceive a better planning by the teachers, which has a consequence a better use of time and the possibility of carrying out diverse activities to strengthen the understanding topics; using digital tools and group work techniques as support. On the other hand, distance classes are described as not very useful and interesting with an excessive academic load. Although the face-to-face learning experience continues to be better evaluated, it is considered important to implement strategies to increase the academic quality of distance classes, as it is a modality that will be used in all universities in the near future, using new technologies and instructional design as support, as well as training programs for teachers and students.

Resumen Como resultado de la pandemia por SARS-CoV2, la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías para la impartición de clases en modalidad presencial y a distancia se hizo aún más necesaria. La tecnología representa una manera de ofrecer educación de vanguardia respondiendo a necesidades del contexto actual. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar, a través de un estudio de caso, la adquisición de aprendizajes por parte de estudiantes de diferentes licenciaturas de la Universidad Iberoamericana Torreón, en relación con la educación presencial y a distancia después de la crisis sanitaria. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con alcance correlacional. El muestreo se planteó probabilístico por conglomerados y estuvo conformado por estudiantes de quinto semestre en delante de 15 licenciaturas. Los resultados muestran que después de la pandemia, en el contexto particular, la modalidad presencial es percibida por el estudiantado como mejor en la planeación por parte de los docentes, lo que tiene como consecuencia un mejor aprovechamiento del tiempo y la posibilidad de realizar actividades diversas para fortalecer la comprensión de las temáticas; utilizando como apoyo herramientas digitales y técnicas de trabajo grupal. Por el contrario, las clases a distancia son descritas como poco útiles e interesantes y con una carga académica excesiva. Aunque la experiencia de aprendizaje presencial sigue siendo mejor ponderada, se considera importante implementar estrategias que incrementen la calidad académica en las clases a distancia, al ser una modalidad que será utilizada en todas las universidades en un futuro cercano, utilizando como apoyo las nuevas tecnologías y un diseño instruccional adecuado, así como programas de capacitación a docentes y alumnos.

Resumen. Existen tres razas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) que afectan a bananos y plátanos, los cultivares de banano grupo Cavendish son resistentes a Foc raza 1 (FocR1) y Foc raza 2 (FocR2). Sin embargo, no existen métodos de control efectivos para la Raza 4 Tropical (R4T). Lo anterior, hace necesario generar estrategias de control biológico utilizando a FocR2 como modelo fúngico que está presente en México, y que coadyuven ante la posible introducción de FocR4T al país. Se evaluó la inhibición in vitro de las cepas bacterianas Bacillus subtilis (BASU), B. velezensis (BAVE), B. sonorensis (BASO) contra tres aislamientos de FocR2 (MIC17188, MIC17191 y MIC17192) obtenidos de muestras vegetales colectadas en tres sitios de producción de plátano de Puebla, Michoacán y Oaxaca. A los 14 días, la cepa BASU tuvo en promedio, mayor inhibición (55.1%) con respecto a BAVE y BASO (45.8 y 21.7%, respectivamente) contra las tres cepas fúngicas antes mencionadas. También se evaluó la inhibición in vitro de las bacterias Paenibacillus sp. (BSP 1.1) y Serratia sp. (AC35) en tres tiempos de pre-inoculación bacteriana. La cepa BSP1.1 presentó mayor inhibición (80.1%) cuando se pre-inoculó de manera individual, siete días antes del hongo y durante siete días de confrontación.

Abstract There are three races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) that affect bananas and plantains, though the Cavendish group banana cultivars are resistant to Foc race 1 (FocR1) and Foc race 2 (FocR2). However, there are no effective control methods for the Tropical Race 4 (R4T). The foregoing makes it necessary to generate biological control strategies for FocR2 fungal model that is present in Mexico, forecasting the potential introduction of FocR4T into our country. In vitro inhibition was evaluated of bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis (BASU), B. velezensis (BAVE), and B. sonorensis (BASO) against three isolates of FocR2 (MIC17188, MIC17191 and MIC17192), obtained from plant samples collected in three banana production sites in the states of Puebla, Michoacán and Oaxaca. At 14 days, the strain BASU had in average high inhibition (55.1%) in comparison to BAVE and BASO strains (45.8 and 21.7%, respectively) against the three fungal strains mentioned before. In addition, the in vitro inhibition of Paenibacillus sp. (BSP 1.1) and Serratia sp. (AC35) was also evaluated by considering three pre-inoculation timings; the strain BSP1.1 showed high inhibition (80.1%) when pre-inoculated individually seven days before the fungus and at seven days of confrontation.

Abstract The present work analyze the meanings and management practices of a pilgrim commission in Villa Turística, Paso de la Patria Corrientes (Argentina) having as its epicenter the Pilgrimage to the Basilica of Our Lady of Itatí, province of Corrientes. This religious-cultural manifestation has the particularity that three towns participate (Paso de la Patria, Santa Ana and San Cosme) and that is carried out in a traditional way since the year 1900. The study focuses on the management of this local Pilgrim Commission through four dimensions: organisational, administrative, community and religious. As results, from the organizational dimension, it is observed that, although a hierarchical structure is proposed, it develops horizontally. From the administrative point of view, there is evidence of an emerging planning according to immediate needs. From the community, an extensive network of relationships is observed to obtain resources. And, from the religious point of view, the mixture of the old and the modern stands out. What remains is the religious meaning of the pilgrimage that unites families and gives them a certain identity that the town tries to preserve.

Resumen El trabajo analiza los sentidos y las prácticas de gestión de una comisión de peregrinos de la Villa Turística perteneciente a la localidad de Paso de la Patria, Corrientes (Argentina), teniendo como epicentro la peregrinación hacia la Basílica Nuestra Señora de Itatí, ubicada en el santuario y/o templo de la localidad de Itatí a 70 km de la ciudad de Corrientes. Esta manifestación religioso-cultural tiene la particularidad de comprender tres pueblos (Paso de la Patria, Santa Ana y San Cosme) y se realiza de manera tradicional desde el año 1900. El estudio pone el foco en la gestión de esta comisión de peregrinos local a través de cuatro dimensiones: organizativa, administrativa, comunitaria y religiosa. Como resultados, desde la dimensión organizativa se observa que, si bien se plantea una estructura jerárquica, se desenvuelve de manera horizontal. Desde lo administrativo se evidencia una planificación emergente según las necesidades inmediatas. Desde lo comunitario se observa una extensa red de relaciones para la consecución de recursos. Y desde lo religioso se destaca la mixtura de lo antiguo y lo moderno. Lo que permanece es el sentido religioso de la peregrinación, que une a las familias y les da cierta identidad que el pueblo intenta preservar.

Background: Adherence to pharmacological treatment (APT) is crucial for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to achieve metabolic control and decrease complications. Aim: To establish the proportion of APT in patients with T2DM, the influence of the same on blood glucose, and the factors involved in a lack of ATP. Material and Methods: Diabetic patients were interrogated about sociodemographic factors, the evolution of the disease, their fasting blood glucose levels, and the use of other treatments. APT was evaluated with the Morisky-Green questionnaire, patient beliefs about treatments with the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), and patient knowledge about T2DM with the standard questionnaire. Results: A representative sample of 400 individuals of both sexes was studied, finding a lack of APT in 74.5% of patients. The latter patients showed a significantly greater level of blood glucose while being more preoccupied and less informed about the disease. A lack of APT was associated with the refusal to undergo the blood glucose test among men (Odds ratio (OR)=3.70; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.58-8.66) and with the consumption of medicinal plants among women (OR=2.53; IC 95%, 1.23-5.23). Conclusions: A lack of APT in patients with T2DM is a serious problem and associated with a lack of knowledge about the disease. It is urgent to strengthen the educational programs in relation to T2DM to promote adherence to treatment.

Resumen Presentamos el caso de un escolar de 10 años, con el diagnóstico de una recaída de una leucemia mieloide aguda que cursó con un episodio de una neutropenia febril de alto riesgo, posterior a un ciclo intensivo de quimioterapia, evolucionando con una infección fúngica invasora demostrada por histopatología. Se inició tratamiento con voriconazol intravenoso, evolucionando con concentraciones plasmáticas erráticas que requirieron sucesivos ajustes de dosis, lo que también ocurrió con la administración oral del medicamento. Finalmente, tuvo una respuesta favorable al tratamiento, a pesar de la dificultad de la dosificación para alcanzar niveles terapéuticos. La búsqueda activa y la terapia antifúngica anticipada, así como la monitorización seriada de concentraciones terapéuticas de voriconazol, permitieron un tratamiento antifúngico óptimo y oportuno, mejorando el pronóstico del paciente.

Abstract We present a 10-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), presenting with high-risk febrile neutropenia (HRFN), after a cycle of intensive chemotherapy, evolving with an invasive fungal infection demonstrated by histopathology. Treatment with intravenous voriconazole was started, with erratic plasmatic levels, which require successive dose adjustments which also occurred with oral administration. Finally, he had a favorable response to treatment, despite of the dosing difficulties to reach therapeutic levels. Active search as well as preemptive antifungal therapy, together with plasmatic level monitorization of voriconazole allowed a prompt recovery and improved the patient prognosis.

Abstract Clinical decision-making tends to be based on what clinicians have been taught during undergraduate and graduate programs. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical approach and to identify the factors that influence the decision-making for dental pulp exposure among graduate students and coordinating professors in endodontics programs offered at Brazilian universities. The study used a mail-out survey developed in the Qualtrics platform, based on seven clinical reports in which dental pulp exposure was evidenced. Descriptive statistics showing vital pulp therapy (VPT) and root canal treatment (RCT) were calculated for each clinical report. Data on the participants’ (n = 113) profile and variables related to clinical and radiographic characteristics of the cases were evaluated as to their potential to affect decision-making and analyzed by logistic regression (p < 0.05). VPT was likely to be indicated in cases of patients with immature teeth (OR = 0.017; 95%CI = 0.004 -0.073). RCT indications were related to the presence of symptoms (OR = 5.326; 95%CI = 1.429–19.852) and old age (OR = 21.057; 95%CI=6.809–65.120). In pulp exposure secondary to trauma, time of pulp exposure was significantly associated with RCT indication (OR=3.267; 95%CI=1.332–8.012). The present study demonstrated that patient age, root development, and symptom features were the main factors affecting participants’ decision-making.

Abstract Introduction: Prematurity is a serious public health problem due to morbidity, mortality and associated costs. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, obstetric and psychosocial characteristics with the outcome of premature birth versus term births at the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital in Concepción, Chile, between the second semester of 2016 and the first semester of 2017. Method: Quantitative, observational case-control study. The sample consisted of 85 women with premature delivery and 85 with term delivery. A self-elaborated questionnaire and Abbreviated Psychosocial Assessment scale (EPsA) were used. The study was approved by the scientific ethics committee. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed, with a level of significance a = 0.05. The data were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS v.25.0. Results: There were no differences between the sociodemographic antecedents (age, socioeconomic level, marital status and education) between both groups. Only women with preterm birth had a higher percentage of paid work than full-term pregnant women (43.4% vs. 25.9%). Nutritional status and a history of previous preterm birth were not associated with a new delivery before 37 weeks. Interruption by cesarean section was significantly more frequent in preterm pregnancies than in the control group (p = 0.0377). Conclusions: In the studied population, the sociodemographic characteristics of the pregnant women were not related to the premature outcome of pregnancy. Biomedical factors are significantly related to this risk. It is necessary to evaluate the relevance of applying psychosocial scales in this population and to focus efforts to promote preconception control in women with a history of preterm birth and/or comorbidities.

Resumen Introducción: La prematuridad es un grave problema de salud pública por la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los costos a ella asociados. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas, obstétricas y psicosociales con el desenlace de parto prematuro frente a partos de término en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción, Chile, entre el segundo semestre de 2016 y el primer semestre de 2017. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, de tipo caso-control. La muestra la constituyeron 84 mujeres con parto prematuro y 85 con parto de término. Se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia y la escala de Evaluación Psicosocial Abreviada (EPsA). El estudio fue aprobado por el comité ético científico. Se realizó análisis bivariado, con un nivel de significancia a = 0,05. Los datos se analizaron con el software estadístico SPSS v.25.0. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en los antecedentes sociodemográficos (edad, nivel socioeconómico, estado civil y escolaridad) entre ambos grupos. Solo las mujeres con parto prematuro mantenían en mayor porcentaje que las gestantes de término un trabajo remunerado (43,4% vs. 25,9%). El estado nutricional y el antecedente de parto prematuro previo no se asociaron a un nuevo parto antes de las 37 semanas. La interrupción por cesárea fue significativamente más frecuente en las gestaciones de pretérmino que en el grupo control (p = 0,0377). Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, las características sociodemográficas de las gestantes no tuvieron relación con el desenlace prematuro de la gestación. Algunos factores biomédicos se relacionan significativamente con este riesgo. Es necesario evaluar la pertinencia de aplicar escalas psicosociales en esta población y enfocar los esfuerzos para promover el control preconcepcional en mujeres con antecedentes de parto prematuro o comorbilidad.

Abstract A deficient strategic planning in new companies has produced that entrepreneurs initial decisions haven’t been the appropriate and, in the long term, consequences will be reflected in the failure of many new companies. The objective of this article is to propose an executive flight simulator that will help to identify and evaluate different strategies for the development of resources of a new manufacturing company, based on the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard that will help the user to become sensitive in the impact that this will have in the performance measures. The simulator is designed under the System Dynamics view for educational purposes in MBAs, entrepreneurship or executive development programs.

Resumen Una deficiente planeación estratégica en las empresas de nueva creación ha generado muchas veces que las decisiones iniciales de los emprendedores no hayan sido las adecuadas y que, a la larga, las consecuencias se vean reflejadas en el fracaso de muchos nuevos negocios. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo proponer un simulador de vuelo ejecutivo que permita identificar y evaluar distintas estrategias de desarrollo de recursos de una nueva empresa manufacturera bajo las cuatro perspectivas del marcador balanceado, sensibilizando al usuario en el impacto que estas tendrían en los principales indicadores de desempeño. El simulador está diseñado utilizando el enfoque de dinámica de sistemas, para ser utilizado didácticamente en programas de maestría en administración, emprendedores o de desarrollo ejecutivo.

This work was carried out in the Duero River basin, in the northwest portion of the State of Michoacán. Its main objective was to evaluate the chemical composition of groundwater for domestic use, with an emphasis on heavy metals due to their potential effects on human health. Regulations for drinking water quality control were reviewed so as to discuss the implications and limitations of their implementation based on the results obtained. The physicochemical composition of samples from 17 sites was analyzed on two different sampling dates to determine pH, EC, t(oC), major ions and heavy metals using standard methodologies. Data was processed using multivariate statistical analysis techniques (principal components analysis, PCA). EC varied from 135 to 880 mS cm-1and pH ranged from 6.28 to 7.83. The main water families found were: magnesium-bicarbonate, calcium-bicarbonate and sodium-calcium-bicarbonate. Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe concentrations were within safe limits for human consumption. Pb was detected at all the sampling sites and exceeded the maximum allowable limits for human consumption. The factors associated with the source of the chemical components of the water were: basaltic rocks with olivine and feldspars minerals and calcite. Pb concentration was associated with volcanic clasts (siliceous sands).

El trabajo se realizó en la cuenca del río Duero, en el noroeste del estado de Michoacán, México. El objetivo fue evaluar la composición química de las aguas subterráneas utilizadas para uso doméstico, con énfasis en los metales pesados, dados sus efectos potenciales en la salud humana. Se revisó la normativa para el control de la calidad del agua potable para, con base en los datos obtenidos, discutir los alcances y limitaciones de su aplicación. Se analizó la composición físico-química del agua en 17 sitios y dos fechas de muestreo, determinando pH, CE, t(°C), iones mayores y metales pesados, utilizando metodologías estandarizadas. Los datos se procesaron usando análisis estadístico multivariado (Análisis de Componentes Principales ACP). La CE varió de 135 a 880 μS cm-1. El pH fue de 6.28 a 7.83. Las principales familias de agua encontradas fueron magnésico-bicarbonatadas, cálcico-bicarbonatadas y sódico-cálcico-bicarbonatadas. La concentración de Zn, Mn, Cu y Fe se encontró dentro de los límites permitidos para este uso. El Pb se detectó en todos los sitios estudiados y en concentraciones que exceden el límite máximo permitido para consumo humano. Los factores asociados con el origen de los componentes químicos del agua fueron rocas basálticas con minerales tipo olivino, feldespatos y calcita. La concentración de Pb se asoció con clastos volcánicos (arenas silíceas).

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resposta cronotrópica ao exercício nos períodos pós-operatório imediato e tardio, após tratamento cirúrgico de fibrilação atrial e valva mitral por técnicas distintas. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico prospectivo controlado, com amostra de 42 pacientes, portadores de fibrilação atrial crônica associada à valvulopatia mitral, submetidos a cirurgia pela técnica de isolamento de veias pulmonares (n=16), pela técnica do labirinto (Cox-maze modificado, sem uso de crioblação) (n=13), ambas com correção de valvulopatia mitral, ou para correção de valvulopatia isolada (n=13). As características clínicas pré-operatórias, indicações para cirurgia tipo e etiologia da lesão valvar foram semelhantes entre os três grupos. Os pacientes foram acompanhados em ambulatório e submetidos a testes ergométricos seriados. RESULTADOS: A resposta cronotrópica no pós-operatório imediato foi semelhante nos grupos analisados, em média 73,6% ± 12,3% da freqüência cardíaca máxima prevista. No grupo de isolamento das veias pulmonares, houve aumento de 64,4% ± 12,4% da freqüência cardíaca máxima, no pós-operatório imediato, para 78,9% ± 10,5% no 12º mês de pós-operatório (P=0,012). No grupo Cox-maze, a freqüência cardíaca máxima variou de 73,9% ± 11,14% para 78.8% ± 15,2% (P=1,000) e no grupo controle (apenas correção da valva mitral), de 67,2% ± 14,3% para 71,9% ± 12,9% (P=0,889). CONCLUSÃO: A atenuação pós-operatória imediata da resposta cronotrópica ao exercício foi semelhante no pós-operatório das três diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas. Houve melhora significativa da mesma, na evolução pós-operatória, no grupo de isolamento das veias pulmonares. Estes resultados sugerem que o procedimento de simples isolamento cirúrgico das veias pulmonares pode estar relacionado à melhor preservação do cronotropismo atrial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the chronotropic response to exercise during immediate and late postoperative period after atrial fibrillation and mitral valve surgical treatment by different techniques. METHODS: Prospective controlled clinical study of 42 patients presenting chronic AF associated mitral valve disease, who underwent surgery by the techniques of pulmonary veins isolation (n=16), Modified Cox-maze procedure, without crioablation (n=13), both with isolated mitral valve repair (n=13). The preoperative clinical characteristics, surgical indications, kind and aetiology of valve lesion were similar between groups. The patients were outpatient followed-up and underwent series of ergometric tests. RESULTS: In the immediate postoperative period, chronotropic response was similar in the 3 groups with mean of 73.6 ± 12.3% of maximal calculated heart rate. In the surgical pulmonary veins isolation group, there was an increment of heart rate, from 64.4 ± 12.4% of maximal heart rate in the immediate postoperative period to 78.9 ± 10.5% in the 12th month (P=0.012) of postoperative. In the Cox-maze group, heart rate varied, respectively, from 73.9 ± 11.14% to 78.8 ± 15.2% (P=1.000) and in the control group (only mitral valve surgery), from 67.2 ± 14.3% to 71.9 ± 12.9% (P=0.889). CONCLUSION: An attenuation of immediate postoperative chronotropic response to exercise was similar in the postoperative in the three different surgical techniques. There was a significant improvement in this response concerning to postoperative outcome in the pulmonary veins isolation group. These results suggest that simple surgical pulmonary veins isolation may be related to a better preservation of atrial chronotropism.

En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de una investigación de campo, descriptiva y transversal, realizada con estudiantes que elaboraban sus trabajos de grado o tesis, en cinco postgrados de la Universidad Simón Bolívar (Venezuela). Los alumnos opinaron sobre la importancia de las variables que caracterizan el rol del tutor y su desempeño. Se construyeron varios índices: desempeño, importancia, discrepancia, criticidad y la jerarquía de variables de éxito y riesgo en los postgrados. Las diez características más importantes del rol del tutor, en opinión de los estudiantes, fueron: experiencia investigativa, seguridad en sus habilidades, responsabilidad, apertura al abordaje de puntos sometidos a discusión, experiencia para supervisar investigaciones, estabilidad emocional, aporte de ideas y sugerencias constructivas, información actualizada, destrezas en el manejo de información e información sobre líneas de investigación factibles. El estudio permitió diagnosticar el rol del tutor y detectó los elementos más importantes a ser considerados para diseñar, implementar y evaluar programas de asesoría y supervisión de investigaciones, que puedan contribuir a elevar el rendimiento en las tesis y trabajos de grado y el mejoramiento de la función tutorial. Se recomienda ampliar este estudio a otros postgrados para detectar las variables de éxito y riesgo de dichos programas.

This study shows the results of a field research, descriptive and transversal, done with graduate students writing their thesis from five graduate programs at the Universidad Simón Bolívar. The students gave their opinions on the relevance of certain variables associated with the tutor’s role and his or her performance. Six indicators were used: performance, importance, discrepancy, level of criticism, and the hierarchy of both the variable of success and the one of risk. According to the students, the ten most important tutor’s role characteristics were: research experience, confidence, responsibility, openness to discuss the material, tutoring experience, emotional stability, constructive contributions and suggestions, abilities managing information, and knowledge of new lines of research. The study was useful to evaluate the tutor’s role and to detect the most important aspects to be considered when designing, implementing and evaluating effective programs for guiding graduate research. It is recommended to extend this investigation to other graduate programs in order to identify their own variables of success and risk.